Abstract

NAKA, N et al. Borderline hypernatraemia and mortality rates in South African infants: A single-centre observational study. S. Afr. j. child health [online]. 2023, vol.17, n.4, pp.217-221. ISSN 1999-7671.  http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/SAJCH.2023.v17i4.1998.

BACKGROUND. In children, hypernatraemia occurs most commonly in infants (younger than 1 year). Although hypernatraemia is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates, it is variably defined in the paediatric literature as either serum sodium >150 mmol/L or serum sodium >145 mmol/L. In hospitalised adults, a serum sodium level >145 mmol/L but <150 mmol/L (called borderline hypernatraemia) has recently been identified as an independent risk factor for mortality. There are limited data about a potential association between borderline hypernatraemia and mortality in infants. OBJECTIVES. To determine whether borderline hypernatraemia is associated with increased mortality in hospitalised infants. METHODS. We conducted a single-centre, retrospective observational study of 8 343 infants admitted to a tertiary-level academic hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa, of whom 254 had borderline hypernatraemia, 376 had hypernatraemia (serum sodium >150 mmol/L), and 7 713 did not have hypernatraemia. Mortality rates were reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS. In 254 infants with borderline hypernatraemia, 115 (45.3%) were neonates (<28 days old) and 140 (55.1%) were male. In 139 infants >28 days old with borderline hypernatraemia, the mortality rate (n=9/139; 6.5%) was significantly higher than the mortality rate observed in infants without hypernatraemia (n=194/5 857; 3.3%) (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.03 - 3.98). CONCLUSION. Borderline hypernatraemia may be a risk factor associated with higher mortality in hospitalised infants. Prospective studies are required to determine whether borderline hypernatraemia contributes independently to mortality risk in hospitalised infants.

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