Abstract

JOUBERT, H.  and  KOTZE, H.. Design of sidewall lining/cooling systems for AC or DC ilmenite smelting furnaces. J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. [online]. 2020, vol.120, n.2, pp.97-104. ISSN 2411-9717.  http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/878/2020.

Ilmenite smelting is well established using both direct current and alternating current furnaces. Regardless of the furnace type, the slag produced is aggressive towards the sidewall lining. The formation of a stable slag freeze lining is essential to arrest lining wear and ensure an acceptable furnace campaign life. The sidewall lining can be severely damaged within a short period of time under upset conditions and without a stable freeze lining in place. The sidewall lining/cooling system adjacent to the furnace slag bath must be designed to ensure a stable freeze lining and prevent lining wear under normal as well as upset conditions. In this paper we explore the effectiveness of high-intensity copper coolers compared to the more traditional magnesia working lining combined with an externally cooled furnace shell. An increase in furnace heat losses has been raised as a concern for intensively cooled sidewalls. The estimated furnace heat losses are compared for the different lining/cooling system designs.

Keywords : ilmenite smelting; AC furnace; DC furnace; sidewall cooling; freeze lining.

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