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SAMJ: South African Medical Journal
versão On-line ISSN 2078-5135
versão impressa ISSN 0256-9574
Resumo
TECKIE, G; KRAUSE, A e KROMBERG, J G R. Neural tube defects in Gauteng, South Africa: Recurrence risks and associated factors. SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j. [online]. 2013, vol.103, n.12, pp.973-977. ISSN 2078-5135.
BACKGROUND: After congenital heart disease, neural tube defects (NTDs) are the most common serious structural birth defects in human infants. OBJECTIVES: To (i) determine the recurrence risks of NTDs in the population of Gauteng; (ii) investigate some of the risk factors shown to be important in the occurrence of NTDs in other populations; and (iii) determine their relative importance in the aetiology of NTDs in the Gauteng population. METHODS: A retrospective study was undertaken of 640 families with a member with an NTD. Data were collected from the genetic counselling files held in the Department of Human Genetics for a 28-year period. RESULTS: A recurrence risk ± standard deviation (SD) for NTDs of 2.28±0.9% (1/45) was calculated for the population. There was no significant difference between the risk of recurrence 0.73±1.0% for the black families (n=98) compared with those for the total sample (N=621). The risk rose to 4.16% after giving birth to two affected children. Analysis of the gender of those with NTDs showed that significantly more female infants (male:female ratio 0.82) were affected. The study also showed that while maternal age was not a significant risk factor for the occurrence of NTDs, maternal parity did play a role, and first and last children were at increased risk. In addition, a higher occurrence of spontaneous abortions and of apparently unrelated congenital malformations in other offspring was found in families with a child with an NTD. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides unique information relevant to the genetic counselling of families with a member with an NTD in our population. All affected families should be referred to a genetics service for appropriate counselling.
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