SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online

 
vol.8 issue3 author indexsubject indexarticles search
Home Pagealphabetic serial listing  

Services on Demand

Journal

Article

Indicators

    Related links

    • On index processCited by Google
    • On index processSimilars in Google

    Share


    SA Orthopaedic Journal

    On-line version ISSN 2309-8309Print version ISSN 1681-150X

    SA orthop. j. vol.8 n.3 Centurion Jan. 2009

     

    BASIC RESEARCH ARTICLE

     

    Part III: Metabolic bone disease: Recent developments in the pathogenesis of endocrine-, drug-, genetic-, renal-, HIV-, and malignancy-induced bone disease

     

     

    EJ Raubenheimer

    MChD, PhD, DSc; Chief Specialist: Metabolic Bone Disease Clinic, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medunsa Campus, University of Limpopo

    Correspondence

     

     


    ABSTRACT

    A thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of bone changes is a prerequisite for the prevention and effective management of skeletal debilitation resulting from metabolic derangements. This article deals with recent developments in the pathogenesis of bone disease as a result of endocrine abnormalities, drugs, genetic and renal diseases, HIV and malignancy.


     

    “Full text available only in PDF format”

     

     

    References

    1. Raubenheimer EJ, van Heerden WFP, Potgieter D, et al. Static and dynamic bone changes in hospitalized patients suffering rickets - a histomorphometric study. Histopathology 1997;31:12-17.         [ Links ]

    2. Parfitt AM, Schipani E, Rao DS, et al. Hypocalcaemia due to constitutive activity of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related receptor: comparison with primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:3584-8.         [ Links ]

    3. Li M, Shen Y, Halloran BP, et al. Skeletal response to corticosteroid deficiency and access in growing male rats. Bone 1996;19:81-8.         [ Links ]

    4. Shao YY, Wang L, Ballock RT. Thyroid hormone and the growth plate. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2006;7(4):265-71.         [ Links ]

    5. Galliford TM, Murphy E, Williams AJ, Bassett JH, Williams GR. Effects of thyroid status on bone metabolism: a primary role for thyroid stimulating hormone or thyroid hormone? Minerva Endocrinol 2005;30(4):237 - 46.         [ Links ]

    6. Ohlsson C, Bengtsson BA, Isaksson OGP, et al. Growth hormone and bone. Endocrin Rev 1998;19:55-79.         [ Links ]

    7. Johansson AG, Eriksen EF, Lindh E, Reduced serum levels of the growth hormone dependant insulin-like growth factor binding protein and a negative bone balance at the level of individual remodeling units in idiopathic osteoporosis in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:2795-8.         [ Links ]

    8. Kimberg DV, Baerg RD, Gershon E, et al. Effect of cortisone treatment on the active transport of calcium by the small intestine. J Clin Invest 1971;50:1309-21.         [ Links ]

    9. Dovio A, Perazzolo L, Osella G, Ventura M, Termine A, Milano E, Bertolotto A. Immediate fall of bone formation and transient increase of bone resorption in the course of high-dose, short term glucocorticoid therapy in young patients with multiple sclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89(10):4923-8.         [ Links ]

    10. Bianchi ML. How to manage osteoporosis in children. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2005;19(6):991-1005.         [ Links ]

    11. Jackson JA, Kleerekoper M. Osteoporosis in men: Pathophysiology and prevention. Medicine (Baltimore) 1990;69:137-52.         [ Links ]

    12. Robson H. Bone growth mechanisms and the effects of cytotoxic drugs. Arch Dis Child 1999;81:360-4.         [ Links ]

    13. Greenspan SL, Bhattacharya RK, Sereika SM, Brufsky A, Vogel VG. Prevention of bone loss in survivors of breast cancer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92(1):131-6.         [ Links ]

    14. Fleisch H. Bisphosphonates. Mechanisms of action. Endocrine Rev 1998;19:80-100.         [ Links ]

    15. Drake MT, Clark BL, Khosla S. Bisphosphonates: mechanism of action and role in clinical practice. Mayo Clin Proc 2008; 83(9): 1032 - 45.         [ Links ]

    16. Russell RG. Bisphosphonates: mode of action and pharmacology. Pediatrics 2007; 119 (suppl 2): S150 - 62.         [ Links ]

    17. Israeli RS, Ryan CW, Jung LL. Managing bone loss in men with locally advanced prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy. J Urol 2008;179(2):414- 23.         [ Links ]

    18. Reid IR, Lucas J, Wattie D, Horne A, Bolland M, Gamble GD, Davidson JS, Grey AB. Effects of a beta-blocker on bone turnover in normal and postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90(9):5212-6.         [ Links ]

    19. Nappi C, Di Spiezo Sardo A, Greco E, Tommaselli GA, Giordano E, Guida M. Effects of an oral contraceptive containing drospirenone on bone turnover and bone mineral density. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105(1):53-60.         [ Links ]

    20. Jackson JA, Kleerekoper M. Osteoporosis in men: Pathophysiology and prevention. Medicine (Baltimore) 1990;69:137-52.         [ Links ]

    21. Compston JE, Vedi S, Stephen AB, et al. Reduced bone formation after exposure to organophosphates. Lancet 1999;24:297-304.         [ Links ]

    22. Compston JE, Vedi S, Stephen AB. Reduced bone formation in UK Gulf war veterans: a bone histomorphometric study. J Clin Pathol 2002;55:897-99.         [ Links ]

    23. Jowsey J. Metabolic Diseases of Bone. Philadelphia: W B Saunders Company;1977:172-191.         [ Links ]

    24. Aström E, Jorulf H, Söderhäll S. Intravenous pamidronate treatment of infants with severe osteogene-sis imperfecta. Arch Dis Child 2007;92(4):322-8.         [ Links ]

    25. Shapiro F, Gleimcher MJ, Holtrop ME, et al. Human osteopetrosis. A histological, ultrastructural and biochemical study. J Bone Joint Surg 1980;62-A:384-99.         [ Links ]

    26. Helfrich MH, Aronson DC, Everts V, et al. Morphological features of bone in human osteopetrosis. Bone 1991;12:411-9.         [ Links ]

    27. Bollerslev J, Steiniche T, Melsen F, et al. Structural and histomorphometric studies of iliac crest trabecular and cortical bone in autosomal dominant Osteopetrosis: A study of 2 radiological types. Bone 1989;10: 19-24.         [ Links ]

    28. Shead EF, Haworth CS, Gunn E, Bilton D, Scott MA, Compston JE. Osteoclastogenesis during infective exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006;174(1):306-11.         [ Links ]

    29. Boyle MP. Update on maintaining bone health in cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2006;12(6):453-8.         [ Links ]

    30. Hind K, Truscott JG, Conway SP. Exercise during childhood and adolescence: a prophylaxis against cystic fibrosis-related low bone mineral density? Exercise for bone health in children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2008;7(4):270-6.         [ Links ]

    31. Dahl E, Nordal KP, Halse J. Chronic renal failure: diagnostic measures before parathyroidectomy. Scan J Urol Nephrol 1994;28:291-4.         [ Links ]

    32. Fournier A, Oprisiu R, Said S, et al. Invasive versus non-invasive diagnosis of renal bone disease. Curr Opin Nephr Hyperten 1997;6:333-48.         [ Links ]

    33. Parfitt AM, Matthews CHE, Villaneauve AR, et al. Relationship between surface, volume and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in ageing osteoporosis. J Clin Invest 1983;72:1396-409.         [ Links ]

    34. Onishi S, Andress DL, Maloney NA, et al. Beta-2 microglobulin deposition in bone in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 1991;39:990-5.         [ Links ]

    35. Serrano S, Marinoso ML, Soriano JC, et al. Bone remodelling in human immunodeficiency Virus-1 infected patients. A histomorphometric study. Bone 1995;16:185-91.         [ Links ]

    36. Gibellini D, De Crignis E, Ponti C, Cimatti L, Borderi M, Tschon M, Giardino R, Re MC. HIV-1 triggers apoptosis in primary osteoblasts and HOBIT cells through TNF alpha activation. J Med Virol 2008; 80: 1507-14.         [ Links ]

    37. Bolland MJ, Grey AB, Gamble GD, Reid IR. Clinical review: low body weight mediates the relationship between HIV infection and low bone mineral density: a meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92(12):4522-8.         [ Links ]

    38. Fairfield WP, Finkelstein JS, Klibanski A, Grinspoon SK. Osteopenia in eugonadal men with acquired immune deficiency syndrome wasting syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86(5): 2020-6.         [ Links ]

    39. McComsey GA, Kendall MA, Tebas P, Swindells S, Hogg E, Alston-Smith B, Suckow C, Gopalakrishnan G, Benson C, Wohl DA. Alendronate with calcium and Vitamin D supplementation is safe and effective for the treatment of decreased bone mineral density in HIV. AIDS 2007;21(18):2473-82.         [ Links ]

    40. Koutkia P, Canavan B, Breu J, Grinspoon S. Effects of growth hormone releasing hormone on bone turnover in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men with fat accumulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90(4):2154-60.         [ Links ]

    41. Bundred NJ, Radcliffe WA, Walker RA, et al. Parathyroid hormone -related protein and hypercalcemia in breast cancer. Br Med J 1991;303:1506-9.         [ Links ]

    42. Kohno N, Kitazawa S, Fukase M, et al. The expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein in human breast cancer with skeletal metastases. Surg Today 1994;24:215-20.         [ Links ]

    43. In: Burtis WJ, Brady TG, Orloff JJ, et al. Immunochemical characterization of circulating parathyroid hormone-related protein in patients with humoral hypercalcemia of cancer. N Engl J Med 1990;322:1106-12.         [ Links ]

    44. Rogers MJ, Gordon S, Benford HL, et al. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of Bisphosphonates. Cancer 2000;88:2961-78.         [ Links ]

    45. Mackie EJ, Trechsol U. Stimulation of bone formation in vivo by transforming growth factor-ß: remodeling of woven bone and lack of inhibition of indomethacin. Bone 1990;11:295-300.         [ Links ]

    46. Canalis E. Editorial: Skeletal growth factors and ageing. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;78:1009-10.         [ Links ]

    47. Oesterling JE. Prostate specific antigen: a critical assessment of the most useful tumor marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. J Urol 1991;145:907-23.         [ Links ]

    48. Yu H, Giai M, Diamondis EP, et al. Prostate specific anti-gen is a new favourable prognostic indicator for women with breast cancer. Cancer Res 1995;55:2104-10.         [ Links ]

    49. Lee YS, Scholtzhauer T, Ort SM, et al. Skeletal status of men with early and late ankylosing spondylitis. Am J Med 1997;103:233-41.         [ Links ]

    50. Nishimura G, Haga N, Ikeuchi S, et al. Fragile bone syndrome associated with craniognathic fibro-osseous lesions and abnormal modelling of the lobular bones: a report of two cases and a review of the literature. Skeletal Radiol 1996;25:717-22.         [ Links ]

    51. Korompilias AV, Karatanas AH, Lykissas MG, Beris AE. Transient osteoporosis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2008;16(8):480-9.         [ Links ]

     

     

    Correspondence:
    Prof EJ Raubenheimer
    Room FDN324
    MEDUNSA Campus: University of Limpopo
    0204
    South Africa
    Tel: (012) 521-4838
    Email: ejraub@ul.ac.za

     

     

    Part II of this article was published in SA Orthopaedic Journal 2009, Vol. 8, No. 1.
    The content of this article is the sole work of the author. No benefits of any form have been derived from any commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article.